Weed Management Workshop

Weeds – Can they be successfully controlled by any one method?

Several WCMN members attended an informative workshop, Integrated Weed Management, held in Boort and hosted by Landcare and the North Central Catchment Management Authority.

The workshop was presented by Professor Brian Sindel, formerly from the CSIRO and now Professor of Weed Science at the University of New England. He validated a diverse approach to weed control, by research and case studies.

There is evidence to show how weeds have adapted to control methods of :

• No till agriculture
• Grazing
• Slashing/cutting
• Herbicides
• Continued use of one method by survival/resistance

In response to weed adaptability, Brian proposed the use of an Integrated Weed Management (IWM) approach which:

• Combines a series of weed control measures each of which places constraints on weed growth, reproduction & spread.
• Spreads the risk of control failure
• Allows component methods to be mutually supportive
• Employs combinations of physical, ecological, biological, chemical and genetic methods

What are the management aims in weed control?

1. deplete weed seed bank & stop emergence
2. suppress/kill weed
3. stop weed seed set
4. prevent seed addition to soil seed bank
5. prevent spread from outside

Three ‘secrets’’ of successful weed management were identified as:

• DIVERSITY – combine a series of weed control measures, each of which places different constraints on weed growth, reproduction and spread
• DELIBERATION – have a plan based on an understanding of weed ecology
• DILIGENCE – stick at it, as weeds persist and spread if ignored

Take home messages from the day included:

• Weeds must not be ignored, because of their impacts
• Weeds adapt to agricultural systems we create for them
• Understand the lifecycles of weeds and how they spread
• Employ the 5 weed management aims in co-ordination with the weed’s lifecycle

Article - Joy Hick

Home-made mouse baits put wildlife and domestic animals at risk

With mouse numbers increasing in the Wimmera-Mallee the Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) has called on landholders not to start making their own baits and inadvertently put wildlife and domestic animals at risk.

DSE north west biodiversity manager Murray Rohde said home-made baits have the potential to cause serious harm to wildlife and pose an increased risk to domestic animals and pets.

“Home-made, grain-based baits don’t use mouse-specific chemicals and so they often don’t work on mice,” Mr Rohde said.

“Home-made baits often have a much higher chemical concentration to ensure the same effect as commercial baits making them much more dangerous to wildlife and pets than the commercial baits.”

“Grain and mice are key sources of food for many species, including native birds, mammals and reptiles, and some domestic animals.”

“Native or domestic animals that eat grain or mouse carcasses in an area where home-made bait has been laid are at risk of off-target poisoning.”

“When trying to control mice, the best way to prevent off-target kills is to use approved mouse-specific baits and to monitor the results.”

DSE advises that it is illegal to use chemical products not registered for the control of mice to kill mice and other pests and asks people to:

· only use registered mouse baits

· keep your pets away from baits and dead mice to prevent secondary poisoning

· monitor for non-target animal deaths when baiting

· report any deaths to the bait supplier and the Department of Primary Industries

· avoid touching or handling the carcasses and keep your pets away in order to prevent secondary poisoning

· report any wildlife deaths that appear suspicious – for example a group of dead birds lying close together - to the local DSE office or call DSE 136 186.

“Last year, DSE investigated several cases of bird kills in the Wimmera and a number were found to have been caused by the misuse of farm chemicals,” Mr Rohde said.

Copied from a DSE media release

Bountiful numbers of birds recorded in survey

Over the long weekend in March, members of Bird Observer Club Australia surveyed five sites in the Wedderburn area. A large list of birds were recorded, with some significant sightings such as the Diamond Dove sighted at Mt Egbert.

Birds numbers recorded at the sites are as follows:

Mt Egbert: 42

Private property: 73

Skinners flat reserve and orchid garden: 65

Stone quarry, Old Boort Road: 50

Korong Vale Reservoir 50

Total Camp List: 114 Species

Report by Annette Robertson

Photograph - diamond firetail

Indigenous group help in line searches for malleefowl mounds

On Tuesday and Wednesday May 23^rd and 24^th, I was involved in searching an area of the Skinners Flat Block of the Wychitella NCR with 9 employees of the Ngurta Werkitya Program, a group of young indigenous people from Swan Hill and Mildura, Rod and Leota from VMRG and Suzie from Parks Victoria. This block contained two known mounds, which luckily we located, (it would have been a bit embarrassing if we didn’t), and we located two unmarked mounds, which will become part of the VMRG monitoring program. It was a really successful few days.

Wendy Murphy

Malleefowl Mound Line Searches

On Saturday May 21^st, Fourteen sturdy souls participated in a malleefowl mound line search through a section of the Wedderburn Block of the Wychitella NCR. The day was jointly coordinated between the WCMN and the Victorian Malleefowl Recovery Group. Participants ranged from interested community members, WCMN and VMRG members, Parks Victoria staff and even a lady from New Zealand. The day began with an induction session on the monitoring techniques and equipment used by the VMRG when conducting line searches and how data is collected and stored. Lunch was had at Doug’s property before we all headed off to tackle the bush. The area chosen for the search had not been formally surveyed before so we were heading into unchartered territories! Because it was the first time many of us had participated in a line search, it was taken at a slow and steady pace and frequent stops were made to ensure the line remained reasonably straight. Some of the bush encountered was very thick and difficult to move through, but we were able to locate two unmarked mounds in the search area. These will now become part of the VMRG monitoring program. We had to abandon the search mid walk as it was becoming dark and cold quite quickly. Most of the group were to be involved in another search on the Sunday, but due to thunderstorm activity, it was cancelled.

The WCMN is looking at conducting these searches annually with the assistance of the VMRG and Parks Victoria, and any one who wants to take part.

Article - Wendy Murphy

Photographs of line searchers - Lynton Schreiver and Joy Hicks

Biodiversity across Borders Conference - article 1

For five members of the WCMN and Wendy their DSE group facilitator, a 6am start leaving Wedderburn in the dark heading for cold and wet Ballarat meant that it would have to be a good conference. And indeed it was. We joined the 400 participants at the conference to learn more of the theme “Vulnerability and Resilience of Ecosystems.

The Plenary Session commenced with a stimulating Keynote address by Dr John Williams from Natural Resources Commission New South Wales. His Address “Shifting Paradigms: incorporating a resilience conceptual framework into the work of the NSW Natural Resources Commission – a new context for examining and communicating on landscape function” presented the challenges of applying a new way of thinking to landscape management..

Emeritus Professor Martin Westbrooke presented “Addressing the lack of regeneration of arid woodland trees: management of total grazing pressure through culling and water point closure” this included a number of issues that are relevant to our area. Dr Peter Spoor presented “Conservation values of roadside vegetation in fragmented landscapes of Victoria”. Again this is a topic highly relevant for the WCMN at present.

In the breaks we were able to examine the Posters displayed by other researchers to illustrate their projects. A good source of ideas for poster presentations for WCMN projects!

The second session was divided into two streams – Wetlands and conservation, and Fire and Landscape ecology. All of which provided us with an interesting, and diverse range of project presentations.

The afternoon sessions covered Vertebrate Ecology and management and Restoration and management.

This conference was a most stimulating experience for me as an “ordinary” member of the WCMN. It was interesting to learn of the variety of research projects currently being conducted and especially the projects that related to our particular fields of endeavour. More than 20 projects were presented orally and the Best Student presentation was awarded to Justine Smith who presented “Hit me with your best shot” maximising capture rates through a camera trap set up. This presentation gave an alternate (vertical) camera setup to capture images of the southern brown bandicoot and long nosed potoroo. This yet again was thought provoking for the WCMN Malleefowl camera monitoring project.

A long day, we returned well after dark, but worth it for the knowledge and information that we gained.

Annette Robertson

Biodiversity across Borders Conference - article 2

On Thursday 9^th June a group of WCMN members left Jacka Park, Wedderburn, in a mini bus to arrive in time for the annual all day Biodiversity conference at Ballarat.

Dr John Williams (advisor to NSW government) and Professor Peter Gell presented a rather depressing picture of the Murray Darling System. A key point was that the flood plains which were a key part of the system in Pre European Australia are no longer sustaining the system. They suggested that the original ecology may be irreversibly changed as the aquatic plants are now adapted to turbid water. However pre European aquatic plant structure still survives in the headwaters and with intensive management of the middle and lower watercourses over many years it may be possible to flip the hysteresis.

The resilience of ecosystems was a recurring theme of many of the presentations/studies given during the day and was elaborated in the Question and Answer forum. It was in this forum that the interface between scientists and public policy was discussed. Professor Ian Lunt made the point that Ecology departments in Australian (Victorian) universities lack funding and that governments won’t act unless confronted by overwhelming expert advice from scientists. Community lobbyists also need to have input and several Landcare group members spoke passionately about the need for more government action.

Dr Paul Boon gave a summary of his group’s recently completed 3 year study, which includes a fine-scale mapping (1:10000) inventory of the current distribution of species within the saltmarsh, mangroves and estuarine wetlands in Victoria. He also made the point that his study was over budget and there was no part of the original budget to communicate the content of this report to the general public.

Probably one of the main messages I took away from this conference was that in order to effectively manage the environment we need far more comprehensive longitudinal monitoring of the populations, without disturbance of species involved, so that we can more accurately model them.

Finally the ‘Precautionary Principle’ should guide public policy. That is where knowledge of the effects of land management is incomplete then err on the side of caution.

That is to say that if a population is diminishing and its interactions with the rest of the ecology is largely unknown then it is wiser to act to prevent extinction than to allow extinction to happen and then observe the effect on the rest of the ecology.

At the end of the day we were exhausted but very enlightened from the intensity of the information presented.

Barrie Taylor

Conservation and farm forestry at the Imlal Project

I left Wedderburn early on the morning of 10^th June for Bendigo in order to board a mini bus organized by North Central CMA to visit the Biorich Demonstration site at Lal Lal near Ballarat. The attraction of this project for me was to see at first hand revegetation work which was utilizing the natural habitat design principles laid out in the book “Recreating the Country” written by Steven Murphy.

The project, developed in cooperation with Ballarat Region Tree growers (BRT) aims to design and plant a 10-hectare bio-rich demonstration plantation on the kaolin clay mine site owned by Imerys. The site is being established in a buffer zone on low-lying swampland surrounding the mine.

This project aims to integrate natural habitat for flora and fauna with farm forestry and thus achieve two goals at once; the harvesting of useful wood based products and the creation of sustainable habitat.

The design principles involve consideration of such things as choosing a diverse range of indigenous plant species grown from seed collected locally, including appropriate food source plants and the randomization of certain species to mimic natural processes. Other considerations involve the creation of five structural layers including understorey, shrub species and canopy trees and the incorporation of selected forestry species. Ongoing monitoring of the progress of the area is achieved using photopoint monitoring set up by members of a local University, aerial photography and the regular surveying of bird species in the area. To date 2,500 plants have been put in the ground and there are plans for corridors of the same sort of plantation as described which will connect indigenous remnant vegetation on the site. As part of the tour we were split into two groups with one group viewing the conservation aspects of the site followed by a change over from conservation to production aspects.

The thinking behind the revegetation concept when compared to previous notions of simply ‘planting trees’ is more sophisticated and aimed at the construction of resilient sustainable habitat. A great deal of thought has obviously been put into planning this project. It is an exemplary project worthy of consideration by other groups involved in natural resource management.

It also seems to me that this type of enterprise has great possibilities for encouraging landscape connectivity on private land as the production / commercial /conservation blend would have a wider appeal than conventional wildlife corridors to private landholders especially farmers.

Article - Michael Moore

Photograph – Gib Wettenhall -discussion of bird surveys

Fungi Workshop full of information 28 – 29 May 2011

The Fungi – An Introduction to a Curious Kingdom Presented by Alison Pouliot

Arriving at the workshop was an education in itself. A vast display of fungi of many types each labelled and grouped accordingly. I’m glad I arrived early and had some considerable time to study this display before the workshop commenced. The Saturday workshop had the maximum number of participants. It was repeated on Sunday

Alison began the theoretical part of the workshop by providing a brief history and discussion of historical and traditional knowledge, uses and beliefs about fungi. She covered the process of identifying fungi, and the major field characteristics, which gave the participants a much better understanding of what to l

ook for when in the field. The importance of obtaining spore prints as a tool for identification, and how to obtain them was also covered.

Many workshop participants had an interest in the uses of fungi, and Alison clearly reinforced the importance of absolute positive identification of edible species before using any fungi for food. This was reinforced by a clear description of the toxicities of fungi and what will happen to you if you ingest fungi that has not been correctly identified.

Types of fungi, how they reproduce, their taxonomy and classification and useful field guides and tools were also discussed.

After lunch, armed with field guides, compact mirrors (for viewing the undersides of fungi), magnifiers and warm clothes we moved to a forest site near Kingower. Initially the area looked rather devoid of anything like fungi. But with the group became more confident about where and how to look, and a surprisingly long list of fungi were found and examined. Descriptions and information was provided by Alison and also by Marj May who has been involved with Fungi map for some time.

It was a valuable and informative workshop. If you missed out, try (next year) to get to any of Alisons’s fungi workshops that she runs at several locations during Autumn .

Annette Robertson

Wheel Cactus Injecting – Tuesday 7 June

Even a very bad weather forecast did not deter a hardy band of 8 volunteers from Wedderburn Conservation Management Network and Wychitella Landcare group joining 6 Parks Victoria Staff at “The Granites” (Mt Eggbert). The task was - to perform some concerted work on injecting wheel cactus in the adjacent public land managed by Parks Victoria. We were fortunate to have the use of the relatively new Mt Tarrengower trailer, complete with many injecting guns, backpacks and chemical, plus as we later discovered the all important barbeque.The team had an “induction” by Janet Richardson, the most experienced wheel cactus injector in the district, then set off to work across the flat area on the Eastern side of the road. With so many people working, it didn’t take too long to cover that area. We then tackled the area on the main reserve. Although in recent months work has been done on reducing the considerable population of cactus, they still seem to keep reappearing. As an illustration of the challenges faced with controlling wheel cactus - It was discouraging to come across a school group walking through the area, and then later discover that a number of cactus wheels had been chopped off or chopped up and left on the ground – thus allowing more plants to grow.

A hearty barbeque lunch was had amidst a few light rain showers. The weather was now looking more threatening, so we decided to call it a day. There is still plenty of work to be done in the area for another time.

Annette Robertson